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This video will introduce syntax to increase the 
sensitivity of a search strategy.

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Let's say I have ten papers that I want to retrieve 
in my search.

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All these papers are on cognitive behavioural 
therapy and related interventions.

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These are the titles of the papers, and I've 
highlighted the CBT terms in bold text.

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If I want to include all these papers in my search 
strategy, I can do a few things.

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I can simply copy out all of the CBT terms into a 
long list and combine them all with OR. That will 
retrieve all those 10 papers.

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But that makes for a long search strategy.

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And it also risks the fact that I have missed a way 
that an author describes CBT that I haven't 
identified yet.

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So I can use search syntax to increase the 
sensitivity of this search and make the search a 
lot easier to read.

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So here's the same list of those CBT terms in a 
different order.

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So, the first thing I will do is use truncation. 

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Truncation is where we take a stem of a word, 
and then we can retrieve possible endings.

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So, in this example, I can put an asterisk after the 
'p' in therapy, delete the 'y' and that will retrieve 
therapy, singular, or therapies, plural. 

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So this now means I can delete this line because 
it's redundant.

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I can do the same thing with behaviour.

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So I can truncate after the 'o' and that will give us 
the behaviour US spelling 'ior' and also the 
British spelling 'iour'.

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Alternatively, I can use a wild card.

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A wild card can stand for zero or one character.

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So if it stands with zero characters, it's going to 
give us 'ior', or one character, it will retrieve 'iour'.

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So I'll go ahead and add that.

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So we can combine search syntax.

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So I can also add a truncation after the 'r' to 
retrieve both 'behaviour' and 'behavioural'.

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So if I do that in this particular search, I can now 
delete these other two lines because they will be 
retrieved in this third line.

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We can also add in proximity searching.

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And that will retrieve different various forms that 
we have on our left: 'behavioural therapy', 
'behavioural treatment', 'behavioural control'.

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So what I can do is combine all these different 
possible endings with OR

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So I can type in 'treatment' or potentially 
'treatments', or 'control', or 'approaches'. Then 
close that bracket.

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What I want to do is say let's find 'cognitive 
behaviour' within so many words of 'therapy', 
'treatment', or 'control', or 'approaches'.

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So I can put in a proximity indicator, 'adj' if I'm 
using Ovid, or 'next' or 'near' depending on the 
database you're using.

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And the number of words I want between these 
two.

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In this example we can probably just use one.

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So that will retrieve anything that has 'cognitive 
behaviour' within one word of 'therapy', or 
'treatment', or 'control', or 'approaches'.

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And now that means that these lines here are 
now redundant.

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If I also want to include 'cognitive therapy' and 
'cognitive training', I will need to add 'training' to 
our list here.

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And, if I wanted to retrieve those two I could 
delete 'behaviour'.

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So that would give us 'cognitive therapy', 
'cognitive training'.

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But also 'cognitive behavioural therapy', 
'treatment', 'control', 'approaches', or 'training'. 

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I will, however, need to increase that to two.

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And now these lines are also retrieved.

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In addition, we also have mindfulness based 
cognitive therapy, which too will be retrieved 
because we have this proximity indicator here.

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So now we are left with a search that will retrieve 
the word 'cognitive' within two words of these 
possible interventions and a list of acronyms too.

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So now it's a case of condensing this search 
strategy down into one line, and we're ready to 
begin our search.

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So this search is now more sensitive, because 
we can retrieve a wider variety of the ways in 
which authors describe CBT 

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That may not have been picked up in our original 
10 papers.